Síndrome Dress relacionada ao uso de Alopurinol: relato de caso / Dress Syndrome related to the use of allopurinol: case report

A síndrome DRESS é uma reação adversa a medicamentos pouco conhecida dentro da prática clínica, porém com grande potencial de letalidade devido a combinação de manifestações cutâneas e envolvimento de múltiplos órgãos. Objetivo: identificar possíveis reações adversas graves e incomuns secundárias ao uso de medicações usadas frequentemente na prática clínica. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de caso construído com base em levantamento de dados do prontuário do paciente e análise a partir de um referencial teórico para comprovação de sua relevância na prática clínica. Resultado: Enfatizou-se a importância de um reconhecimento precoce dessa condição, a fim de evitar desfechos graves

The DRESS syndrome is an adverse drug reaction that is unsual in clinical practice, but with a high potential for lethality, due to the combination of cutaneous manifestations and involvement of multiple organs. Objective: identify possible serious and unusual adverse reactions secondary to the use of medications frequently used in clinical practice. Methods: This is a case report built on the basis of data collection from the patient's medical record and analysis from a theoretical framework to prove its source in clinical practice. Outcome: The importance of early recognition of this condition was emphasized, in order to avoid serious outcomes

Brazilian Spotted Fever: the importance of dermatological signs for early diagnosis

Brazilian spotted fever is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, transmitted by tick bite. As this disease is rare and has high mortality rates in Brazil, the clinical aspects and epidemiological data may help the diagnosis. We report a case of Brazilian spotted fever in a 19-year-old patient who presented maculopapular exanthema in the palmar region and upper limbs, lymphadenopathy, fever, chills, headache, conjunctival hyperemia, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, myalgia, developing neurological signs and abdominal pain. He was treated with doxycycline with clinical improvement. We emphasize the importance of the recognition of this disease by dermatologists as cutaneous manifestations are the key findings to establish early diagnosis and prevent complications.

A febre maculosa no Brasil / Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Brazil

Embora no Brasil o número de casos confirmados de febre maculosa esteja em declínio desde 2005, a taxa de mortalidade (20 a 30 por cento) ainda é muito alta quando comparada a outros países. Esse alto índice de mortalidade tem estreita relação com a dificuldade em fazer o diagnóstico e estabelecer a terapia apropriada. Apenas dois grupos de antibióticos têm comprovada eficácia clínica, o cloranfenicol e as tetraciclinas. Até pouco tempo atrás, as tetraciclinas eram reservadas aos pacientes adultos em virtude das alterações dentárias e ósseas em crianças. Recentemente, entretanto, a Academia Americana de Pediatria e diversos autores têm recomendado a utilização da doxiciclina também em crianças. Em casos mais severos, a falta de experiência com uma tetraciclina injetável no Brasil faz com que se opte pelo cloranfenicol injetável. Como o pronto diagnóstico e a escolha adequada do fármaco são fatores determinantes de um prognóstico positivo, todos os profissionais da saúde devem estar melhor preparados para reconhecer e tratar a febre maculosa.

Although the number of confirmed cases of spotted fever has been declining in Brazil since 2005, the mortality rate (20 percent to 30 percent) is still high in comparison to other countries. This high mortality rate is closely related to the difficulty in making the diagnosis and starting the correct treatment. Only two groups of antibiotics have proven clinical effectiveness against spotted fever: chloramphenicol and tetracyclines. Until recently, the use of tetracyclines was restricted to adults because of the associated bone and tooth changes in children. Recently, however, the American Academy of Pediatrics and various researchers have recommended the use of doxycycline in children. In more severe cases, chloramphenicol injections are often preferred in Brazil because of the lack of experience with injectable tetracycline. Since early diagnosis and the adequate drug treatment are key to a good prognosis, health care professionals must be better prepared to recognize and treat spotted fever.

Fiebre manchada por rickettsias en el Delta del Paraná: Una enfermedad emergente / Rickettsial spotted fever in the Paraná Delta: An emerging disease

Se comunica un caso de fiebre manchada por rickettsia autóctono del delta del Paraná correspondiente a la provincia de Buenos Aires. Luego de cinco días de haber permanecido en una región cercana a la localidad de ingeniero Otamendi, partido de Campana, el paciente presentó un síndrome febril agudo caracterizado por hipertermia con escalofríos y sudoración, mialgias, cefalea, astenia y discreta odinofagia, seguido a las 72 horas por un exantema maculopapuloso congestivo con elementos purpúricos, de distribución universal. En la región preauricular izquierda se observaba una lesión papuloerosiva, producida cinco días antes de iniciada la fiebre por una garrapata adquirida en el lugar. El cuadro clínico remitió rápidamente con la administración de doxiciclina. Por inmunofluorescencia indirecta se identificaron anticuerpos reactivos contra el grupo de rickettsias causantes de fiebres manchadas (CDC, Atlanta, EE.UU.). Se realizan consideraciones sobre la especie de rickettsia, el vector involucrado y la posibilidad que la enfermedad fuera debida a Rickettsia parkeri.

We describe a case of rickettsial spotted fever in the Paraná Delta region of Buenos Aires province in Argentina. The patient developed an acute febrile syndrome characterized by myalgias, headache, asthenia and moderate odynophagia, followed by a diffuse macular, papular, and purpuric exanthema. The patient had been bitten recently by a tick on the left preauricular region and an erosive papular lesion was evident at the bite site. An indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay identified antibodies reactive with spotted fever group rickettsiae in the patient's serum. The patient improved rapidly with doxycycline. Several considerations relating to the identity of the rickettsial species and tick vector are discussed, including the possibility that this patient's illness may have been caused by Rickettsia parkeri.

Fiebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas en niños: consideraciones clínicas y epidemiológicas / Rocky Mountain spotted fever in children: clinical and epidemiological features

Objetivo. Comunicar las características clínicas de la fiebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas (FMMR) en niños del sur de Sonora, México. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de nueve casos atendidos en el Hospital Infantil del estado de Sonora. Un caso de FMMR fue definido por datos clínicos y pruebas serológicas positivas (inmunofluorescencia indirecta o aglutinación a Proteus OX 19). Se recabaron las características clínicas y demográficas de los pacientes. Resultados. La población de estudio se integró con niños de dos a doce años de edad que tuvieron contacto con perros infestados con garrapatas y cursaron con fiebre y exantema petequial. Las alteraciones en los exámenes de laboratorio incluyeron elevación de enzimas hepáticas, hiponatremia y plaquetopenia. El tratamiento consistió en la administración de cloranfenicol y doxiciclina. La mortalidad fue del 22%. Conclusión. Se documenta la presencia de la enfermedad en el estado de Sonora, México. La FMMR debe considerarse como un riesgo de salud pública que requiere acciones para su prevención y control.

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical features of the Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in children of southern Sonora, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine cases were studied at the Sonora State Children's Hospital. One case was defined by clinical features and positive serological tests (indirect immunofluorescence assay or reaction to Proteus OX 19). Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were registered. RESULTS: The study subjects were children from two to twelve years ofage. All patients have had contact with tick-infested dogs and had fever, as well as petechial rash. Laboratory findings included high levels of hepatic aminotransferase, hyponatremia and thrombocytopenia. Therapy with chloramphenicol and doxyciclyne was administered after the first seven days of the onset of illness. The mortality rate was 22%. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the presence of RMSF in the state of Sonora, Mexico, which should be considered as a public health hazard, requiring immediate actions for prevention and control.

Fiebre manchada de las montañas rocosas: Informe de dos casos / Rocky montain spotted fever: report of two cases

La fiebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas (FMMR) es una enfermedad febril aguda causada por Rickettsia rickettsii, caracterizada por un exantema petequial. A pesar de conocer su etiología y manifestaciones clínicas y de disponer de un tratamiento eficaz, su letalidad aún es elevada. En sus estadios iniciales, la FMMR puede aparentar muchas otras enfermedades infecciosas y dificultar su diagnóstico. El presente trabajo informa dos casos con FMMR que ilustran la importancia de su diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento adecuado, así como de considerar a la FMMR como diagnóstico diferencial ante un paciente febril con exantema que resida en área endémica.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is an acute febrile illness caused by infection with Ricketsia Rickettsii, characterized by the presence of petechial rash. Even though the etiology, clinical characteristics and availability of effective antibiotics are known, RMSF related deaths have a prevalence of 4%. In its early stages RMFS can resemble many others infectious conditions and the diagnosis can be difficult. The present paper reports two patients with RMSF; these cases underscore the importance of prompt diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and consider RMSF as a differential diagnosis in any patient who develops fever and rash in an endemic area.

Fiebre maculosa americana en niños: avances y perspectivas / American spotted fever in children: advances and perspectives

La fiebre manchada de América es un padecimiento sistémico causado por Rickettsia rickettsii, caracterizado por escalofríos, fiebre, cefalea y exantema maculopapular, frecuentemente petequial, que aparece al cuarto día en la porción distal de las extremidades, principalmente en muñecas y tobillos. La enfermedad es autolimitada en niños y con duracíon de dos a tres semanas; ocasionalmente puede ser grave, con síntomas neurológicos, cardiovasculares y esplenomegalia. El diagnóstico de laboratorio utiliza las pruebas de Weil- Felix, fijación del complemento e inmunoflorescencia. El cloramfenicol en los niños es el tratamiento de elección. Los roedores silvestres y los perros son los reservorios naturales de la infección, transmitida por la picaduras de las garrapatas ixódidas durs, principalmente Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Dermacentor y Amblyomma sp. La enfermedad ha sido descrita en Canadá, los Estados Unidos, México, Centro y Sudamérica; la garrapata canina es la responsable de transmitir muchas infecciones infantiles, sobre en todo en primavera y verano las estaciones de incidencia máxima en localidades endémicas